School Bullying free essay sample

In the past many have focused on the abuse of drug and alcohol use in school aged students along with students carrying weapons to schools, it seemed as if no one was recognizing the significance of school bullying. For victims of bullying, they go to school every day facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. Studies show that 25-35% of teens encountered some type of bullying in their lifetime (Nansel et al, 2001). Bullying is a form of violent behavior that happens not only in the schools but everywhere. Kids have been exposed to bullying in school for generations. Even though bullying has always been a factor the consequences for the victims have become more severe and sometimes fatal. The violent behavior within school disrupts the learning process and creates a negative atmosphere for the students, staff and everyone involved. There has to be an answer and a solution for what we as educators and members of a community can do to minimize and stop bullying. We will write a custom essay sample on School Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dan Olewus, creator of Olweus Bullying Prevention Program bullying is defined when a person is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself (When looking at this definition of bullying it is important to notice that there are three components. The first component of bullying is there must be aggressive, unwanted negative behavior, the negative behavior has to be repeated over a period of time and finally there has to be an imbalance of strength between the two individuals involved. There are many forms of bullying some of which include verbal belittling regarding religion, race, looks, or speech; hitting, pushing or slapping; rumors; and sexual comments or gestures. Pansy, nerd, dweeb, and loser: these are just a few of the horrible slurs that school bullies direct toward their not accepted, vulnerable peers. These malicious words can quickly grind down the self-esteem of their victims. However, words are not the only tool the bullies use against their victims. Physical violence towards the weak and emotionally unstable is a common theme in many schools, and can pose a grave threat to those students who cannot readily defend themselves. Physical bullying can result in many dangerous outcomes. The bully themselves create physical harm to their victims and even in some cases the victim has a breaking point and retaliates in a violent way. Unfortunately some students and faculty do not feel like their schools are safe because of the types of bullying that occur. In the past there have been devastating acts of school shootings that haunt the minds of many. One of the more devastating examples of bullied victim retaliation is of the kids from the Columbine shooting, where two kids who were bullied went on a murderous shooting rampage killing the lives of many at their schools and taking their own. According to the United States Secret Service and Department of Education’s school violence report, as more violent acts occur, not only in their schools and other schools around the world, more kids are becoming afraid to go to school. Schools need to become a safe haven for students not a place of fear. As educators we need to develop a plan to minimize the bullying and let students know they are safe when they cross through the doors of the school. One of the first questions asked about bullying is why would someone bully another person? Some people believe bullying and aggressive attitudes towards one another are normal behavior for children. Dr. Howard Spivak of the New England Medical Center disagrees, he says bullies or people being bullied are people who show indicators that something is wrong, and children who experience either or both need help (Spivak Prothrow-Stith, 2001). While looking through research, one conclusion that can be drawn about kids and teens who bully, a common denominator is they come from a bad home environment. Signs and evidence pointed to individuals who bully have been verbally or physically abused at home, which causes anger and sadness to build inside of them. If this is the case these â€Å"bullies† are looking for a way to take it out on someone who will not fight back. Which brings up the next question about bullying, what makes someone a target of bullying? The victims of bullying tend to be the exact opposites of their bully. Finding the victims of bullying, or even potential victims of bullying, tends to be easier to find then the bullies themselves. People who are bullied are often shy and quiet, with few friends and little social support at school. They may be physically weak or lack confidence in their physical abilities therefore they rarely stand up to bullies. Most victims do nothing to provoke the harassment, their lack of physical strength and social abilities do it for them. There is on subgroup of bully-victims called the â€Å"aggressive† victims. These victims are usually impulsive and socially clumsy. They often have reading and writing problems and show characteristics of attention-deficit disorder (ADHD). Their behavior tends to bring out negative reactions from other students. James D. Unnevern found in his study, â€Å"Bullies, Aggressive Victims and Victims: Are They Distinct Groups? † aggressive victims were less proactively aggressive but more reactively aggressive than pure bullies (Unevern, 2005). They were also substantially more proactively aggressive than pure victims. What that means is the â€Å"aggressive† victims react in a negative way to how people are treating them rather than being the instigators of the bullying. Bullying occurs at any school age starting from lower education and into the high school years. Researchers at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found 30 percent of 6th through 10th graders are involved in bullying at school and frequency of bullying was found to be higher among 6-8th graders compared to 9-10th graders, and more prominent among boys compared to girls (Langdon Preble 2008). Who are bullies? Bullies can be anyone. Within a school building a bully can be an administrator, a teacher, a staff member and both male and female students. Most studies have shown there are more boys bullies than girls. However, do not count girls out; there can be a girl bully too. Although physical bullying does happens among girls, they tend to use less-direct tactics such as ostracizing their victims, spreading rumors, name-calling and/or manipulating friendships. Boys tend to get physical, threatening bodily harm to their victims. Even though boys usually revert to physical bullying, with social network popularity on the rise, more social and verbal bullying is being seen between boy bullies and their victims. To conclude who are our bullies, they can be anyone. A bully is a person, no matter what age, gender, or race, who gangs up on a weaker individual repeatedly causing physical or emotional harm. You never really hear of any positive results as an outcome in a bullying situation, however there have been plenty stories that end in a devastating or even fatale way. In extreme cases, someone, between the bully and the victim, ends up dying. It is usually the victim who takes their own life and in some cases set out for revenge before doing so. In 2006, Megan Meier, age thirteen, was repeatedly bullied over popular social network called MySpace. Because of bully telling her the world would be a better place without her; Megan took her own life (Cyber Bullying, 2007). If the victim gets bullied enough, they can develop depression and become unsafe to themselves or to others. The topic of bullying has gained not only national attention but international attention. People everywhere wonder what we can do to put an end to the bullying. Organizations have been created to bring awareness to bullying and schools are beginning to create a zero tolerance policy within their schools. The idea of what can be done to stop bullying has stumped a lot of people. There have been suggestions of ignoring the bully, but that seems to never work, they are persistent and it could only get worse. For other students who want to stop the bullying they could simply approach the victim and make them feel welcomed and not alone, giving them a support system from the bully. Unfortunately there are many students who will not do anything about it because they do not want to be the replace target of the bully if they protect or support the first victim. Many schools have created a student organization called S. A. V. E. , Students Against Violence Everywhere. The members of this group try to serve as mediators and help victims when bullying happens. SAVE attempt to take a group of individuals – who are often powerless against the pains of bullying – and turn them into a cohesive group letting them know they are not alone. (Rinaldo, 2005). There is only so much the other students can do to try and prevent bullying without putting themselves into harm so it is up to the teachers and administrators to help them put an end to it. Following the infamous Columbine High School shooting, mentioned earlier, where two victims of bullying went on a shooting rampage at their schools many schools have enacted zero tolerance policies towards violence within schools. The zero tolerance policy is strict and creates rules for both students and faculty. This policy allows no exceptions, and leaves room for no doubt when a rule is broken which could bring violence to any member around the school building and should result in suspension and expulsion. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both positive and negative results. Those who favor the policy, look at whether the school environment has improvement due to zero tolerance. The individuals who are pro zero tolerance believes it has reinstated safety in schools giving students, parents, teachers, and the community a breath of relief. Jack McConnell, an education minister from Scotland, is in favor of the zero tolerance policy for bullies and commented saying, a school community should be one where pupils are free to learn and realize their potential away from bullying (Holme Buie 2001). Additionally, zero tolerance promotes fair punishment to all individuals. A zero tolerance policy for schools can create the same rules and consequences for all students within a school no matter their race, gender, religion, background or socioeconomic status (Rice, 2009). It seems if there is a strict policy put in place, such as the zero tolerance policy, the strict rules will imply expectations of how their students should behave and if these rules are not met there will be consequences. While zero-tolerance may seem like a good idea on paper and has been beneficial to some school systems, others feel it is detrimental to education. People who are opposed of the zero tolerance policy in schools all have the same belief that it is too extreme or inappropriate and that teachers and administrators are not using it in the correct form. After Columbine, and recent events like Columbine, like the devastating shooting at Virginia Tech it is understandable why schools have heightened their security. There seems to a reoccurring theme that the individuals who went on these rampages were victims of bullying and creating a policy to eliminate bullying is understandable. But many argue the zero tolerance policy while it is a good concept, needs to provide more logic on how to put the policy in place. In her article, The Time is Right to End Zero Tolerance, author Gara Lamarche suggest that zero-tolerance policies are ineffective in improving student behavior and student achievement (Lamarche, 2011). Without a clear understanding of how to implement a zero tolerance policy and logic behind the consequences the nations suspension and expulsion levels are at a new high. According to recent data contained from the National Center on Education Statistics more than 3. million students were suspended or expelled in 2006, which means for every 14 students one of those were expelled or suspended. The report also indicated of those punished, less than one in 10 were for violent offenses. The vast majority were for non-violent offenses, such as tardiness, talking back to a teacher, or violating dress codes (Lamarche, 2011). Zero tolerance can limit misbehavior with students but the extreme consequences of suspension and expulsion can have serious effects on education process; the students who are likely to be suspended or expelled are the very students who can least afford to miss class. While preventing education is not the intention of zero tolerance, it has become a negative side effect. Research and literature shows we are still struggling to come up with a solution on what to do to decrease bullying and not affect the educational process. Zero-tolerance for violent acts seems like it could be an effective way to help decrease bullying in the educational environment. However, if schools do decide to adapt this policy it is important for everyone to have the same understanding of how and when this should be enforced and what can be done so the process of learning is not disrupted. What can we do to prevent bullying? If there is not a policy at your school about bullying, try to get involved as much as possible. Some administrators want to implement policies and there are student organized groups trying to take action, but teachers need to get involved too. Teachers cannot be afraid to take a stand and voice their concerns about bullying with their administrators, hopefully the administrators have the same concerns and collectively you can work together to figure out what can be done. If you feel like the victim of bullying is comfortable enough with you try to approach them and hold a conversation. Ask them questions like how are they feeling, who is bullying them, and what can you do to help? Do not be surprised if the victim turns you away or shuts down and does not want to talk about, they may fear their bully is taking notice and may seek revenge. Even if the victim does shut down at least you have planted the seed in their head that you are there to help. If you have suspicion a child is being bullied getting the school counselor involved can help as well. Plan to have the counselor talk to the class as a whole to help plant another seed in the victims mind that there are more people willing to help. A teacher is an important role within the school, not just to educate, but to be a guide and mentor to the students as well. To conclude, schools are institutions which have the potential to mold and create our future generations. The increase in school bullying has directed our attention to the need to take all steps to ensure a safe learning environment for students and teachers.

Rice; Food; Meal in Chinese

Rice; Food; Meal in Chinese é ¥ ­ (or é £ ¯Ã‚  in traditional Chinese) is pronounced fn in pinyin. This is the 618th most common character in Chinese and can mean rice, food or meal. The two latter meanings are the most common in modern Chinese. Character Breakdown é ¥ ­ / é £ ¯ is a semantic-phonetic compound, which means that one part describes its meaning and the other part describes its pronunciation. The character is composed of two parts:   é ¥ £/é £  (shà ­): food; to eatÃ¥   (fÇŽn): contrary; reverse é ¥ £/é £  (shà ­), which means food; to eat, is obviously related to the meaning of the word and is also the radical of this character. Ã¥   means contrary; reverse, and is not related to the meaning of the character. Instead, this character component carries information about how its pronounced. Since this character was created a long time ago, things have changed and the pronunciation is no longer identical. In fact, the tone is different. Still, if you know how to pronounce this component, remembering the pronunciation of the entire character becomes easier (and the other way around). Common Words Using Fn Coupled with another character,  Ã© ¥ ­ can take on a different meaning. Here are a few examples: Ã¥ Æ'é ¥ ­ (chÄ « fn): to eat (in general, not to eat rice)æâ€" ©Ã© ¥ ­ (zÇŽo fn): breakfastÃ¥ Ë†Ã© ¥ ­ ( wÇ” fn): lunch晚é ¥ ­ (wÇŽn fn): dinneré ¥ ­Ã© ¦â€  (fn guÇŽn): restaurantç ± ³Ã© ¥ ­ (m Ç  fn): riceè ¦ Ã© ¥ ­ (yo fn): to begé ¥ ­Ã¥ ºâ€" (fn din): hotel (typically one that has a restaurant inside) Sentence Examples Using  Fn QÇ ng gÄ›i wÇ’ yÄ «wÇŽn bifn.è ¯ ·Ã§ »â„¢Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ¢â€"ç™ ½Ã© ¥ ­Ã£â‚¬â€š(traditional Chinese)è «â€¹Ã§ µ ¦Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ¢â€"ç™ ½Ã© £ ¯ (simplified Chinese)Please give me a bowl of white rice.NÇ  kÄ›yÇ  mÇŽi yÄ « jÄ «n mÇ fn ma?ä ½  Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¨ ² ·Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¤Ã§ ± ³Ã© £ ¯Ã¥â€"Žä ½  Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¤Ã§ ± ³Ã© ¥ ­Ã¥ â€"Can you buy a pound of rice, please?WÇ’ à ¨ le! Qà ¹ chÄ «fn ba!我é ¤â€œÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥  §!我é ¥ ¿Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ Æ'é ¥ ­Ã¥  §!Im hungry! Lets go eat!NÇ  mÄ  zuà ² de fn ti ho chÄ «leä ½  Ã¥ ª ½Ã¥ Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© £ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Æ'ä ºâ€ Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¦Ë†Ã¥ Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¥ ­Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Æ'ä ºâ€ Your moms cooking so so good.NÇ  xiÇŽng qà ¹ nÇŽ jiÄ  fnguÇŽn?ä ½  Ã¦Æ' ³Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥ ® ¶Ã© £ ¯Ã© ¤ ¨Ã¤ ½  Ã¦Æ' ³Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥ ® ¶Ã© ¥ ­Ã© ¦â€ Which restaurant do you want to go to?

Writing a event vividly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing a event vividly - Essay Example Even with my nervousness, the girl noticed me and came closer, from her marvelous smile, and the first word from her gave me the courage to speak to her. Through the first conversation I could feel love feelings oozing out of my heart, as I conversed with her, Emma, as she told me her name was, was the girl I had been searching for, she was definitely the my destiny and the love of my life. Reading my story, one might think that I am too sentimental as a man, in my mind I now believed that love existed. From that supermarket moment, I laid siege to Emma, I did everything possible to win her heart over, I turned into this romantic guy I never thought I could be. Almost all my activities towards her were romantic, in most cases I found myself thinking about her and how our next date would be. After some time, my tremulous attention, and my unending pursuit made Emma say â€Å"yes† to my proposal of having a relationship with me. Emma and I were soon dating; obviously, we were in love, and no doubt that the relationship was the beginning of the happiest time of my life. At least, I thought that for I was flying high, the voice deep down kept telling me â€Å"you the luckiest man alive.† Every day I was planning something new and interesting to make Emma happy. Every minute I spent away from her seemed like a lifetime, the time I spent with her was the best moments of my life. We even had our places in parks, cinemas, cafes and just in the streets, we enjoyed each other’s time, to some extent, my future was clear Approximately, seven months into our romantic relationship, Emma told me that there was no future for us; apparently, her parents did not see me as a good life partner for their daughter. The case was that Emma’s family was against miscegenation; they were white Americans and did not want representatives of other nations or races to enter into their family. Moreover, there was a good marriage candidate for Emma, a son of her

Taxes and tariffs on imports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Taxes and tariffs on imports - Essay Example Second, they create tax revenues for the governments imposing them. In spite of what the goals are, tariffs may not be the most direct or efficient means attaining them. For instance, foreign sellers may reduce their prices to counteract any tariff increase. The net effect is for the consumer-paid price to be different only to some extent, if at all, from the price before the tariff was imposed. As a result, the nation has larger tariff revenues but slight additional protection for the domestic producers. When tariffs do elevate the price of an imported good, consumers are put at a disadvantage, while the import-competing industries are put at an advantage. On the other hand, tariffs can have wider implications. For example, when the U.S. Department of Commerce imposed a high duty on complex flat screens used on laptop computers, the duty was an advantage to some small U.S. screen manufacturers (Salvatore 2005). But it damaged companies such as Apple, Compaq and IBM, who disagree tha t the high duty exaggerated the cost of their products, destabilized their ability to compete abroad and forced them to shift production to other countries. This papers looks at the impacts of tariffs or taxes on imports on a large economy (the U.S.) and a small economy (Kenya). Import tariffs may be of the predetermined variety or they may be ad valorem. Characteristically the importing firm pays the tariff as a tax to the government of the importing country. In order to recover the cost of the tariff the importer charges customers a price at least equal to the import plus the tariff. Because of the tariff, the domestic price of the imported item becomes higher than it would have been with free trade. Imposing taxes or tariffs on foreign products is a form of controlling trade; they are enforced by governments for a variety of reasons. One purpose is simply to create revenues. Another purpose is to lessen the competitiveness of foreign products by

Benchmarking as an important activity in the analysis of e-Business Essay

Benchmarking as an important activity in the analysis of e-Business Web sites - Essay Example E-business has given every organization that uses it a additional advantage running their businesses. Competition to produce an online website that tells about the organization and its product has also started. In the same way selling products online through a website has also become popular, there are certain advantages attached to it but we wont go into that detail. Another important aspect of running a business online successfully is to check whether an organization's website is according to the standards of its competitors. This can be done using certain techniques like surveys, questionnaires and conducting interviews. This article explored a new technique called benchmarking. Benchmarking is basically evaluating the content of the website in terms of its usefulness and usability compared to your competitors. The importance of this method can be gauged by the fact that the two aspects that are being benchmarked namely usefulness and usability can only determine the actual return your website is giving to the organization. Claiming your website is successful by checking the number of times it has been viewed is useless, instead the benchmarking method makes a lot of sense as it is analyzing the two vital factors that originally decide whether a website is successful or not. If we go 30 years back in time there was no concept of using a computer to communicate to a co-worker or sending an email to your boss for a certain favor. Records were kept on files in a closet. If your boss needed information about last year's sale you had to tell him if he can wait for 2 days, and your boss agreed. Today if you reply to your boss in the same manner it's obvious your boss won't accept your reply, instead it might be possible that you are fired. This gets a bit harsh but this is a fact. Technology has taken great steps all these years and is looking to go even faster as the time moves on. It is important for every person to keep up with the moving technology to survive in this world, especially organizations that are running businesses internationally and on the Internet. Keeping in touch with the technology trend has become a necessity in this case as every organization looks for improving itself with the use of newer and better technology. E-business might seem e asy as to setup a website and conduct your business online, but its not the case and its not as easy as you think. As new and better technologies enter the market an organization has to make sure that it acquires it and makes the best use of it. It is important to keep abreast of technology trends when running an e-business because once a firm starts e-business it is attaching itself to the world of Internet and technology, and if an organization gets involved in this world it has to keep a track of what is going on and what is new so as to make sure it does not lag behind in any field. Q. 3. Comment on one recent technology trend, and discuss how it might affect an e-Business. As technology advances trends are being setup. For example a certain technology becomes famous as it enters the market and everyone gets attracted to it for a while. After 3 or 4 months a better technology comes into being and now people are driven towards this one. This will keep

International human resource management due to globalization

International human resource management due to globalization As the globalisation trend advanced, IHRM (International Human Resource Management) plays a critical role in helping companies evaluate the human resource skills /capabilities and possibilities involved in moving to different regions of the world (Luthans, Marsnik and Luthans,1997). The HR (Human Resource) function is to help manage the organisations people as effective as possible based on the organisation business objectives for competitive advantage (Porter, 1990). To be successful in the global marketplace, a need for global mindset is the key source for long-term competitive advantage. The current HR issues faced by PC is illustrated in Appendix A. The HR management in PC HQ did not consult the local HR representative information on local culture, employment aspects, safety, customs and traditions in order to operate in harmony with a local companys procedures which is the root cause of the HR dilemma faced by PC. Looking at the current HR issues that PC is facing, the complexities of operating in different countries and employing people of different nationalities are challenges arising from the internationalisation of business. Also the challenge PC requires to undertake its HR strategies, policies, practices to global level for multinational ventures (Scullion Linehan, 2005). Company characteristic, business strategy and organisational structure are important elements in policy choice for the Flexibility and HRM strategies (Delery and Doty, 1996; Tsui et al., 1995; Mayne et al., 1996; Doorewaard and Meihuizen, 2000). According to Philip Condit (Financial Times 1997), as the era move towards globalisation, it is advantageous global companies, workforce, management transform into a global enterprise. A standardized approach to IHRM may put an organisation to disadvantage because cultural differences are ignored rather than built upon. (Adler,1991). Competing demands of global integration and local differentiation are important elements which give rise the need to develop human resources as a source of competitive advantage (Caligiuri and Stroh,1995;Schuler et al.,1993;Taylor et al.,1996). PC required adopting a geocentric approach to IHRM integration to balance between the conflicting priorities of global integration and local responsiveness (Caligiuri and Stroh (1995). GLOBE research confirmed that selected cultural differences strongly influence important ways in which people think about leaders and norms. According to Spence Hayden (1990), the most critical HRM issue for going international is to select and train local managers (see Appendix B) as people is the main source for competitive advantage in international business. It is critical that PC focus on the first seven points of the HRM issues listed in Appendix B to enhance its current HR issues in Germany, France and India for the business expansion. The overall twelve HRM issues are for PC to apply for its going international plan to other Asia countries to build long term business success. The key challenge for PC is to capitalise on the diversity of global workforce without suppressing each other nations desire to maintain their own cultural heritage. Although it is tough, PC have to build, maintain and develop its corporate identity by managing its people on a worldwide basis, local responsiveness by adapting and conforming to the norms and customs of different societies in which PC operate (Laurent, 1986). This will enhance worldwide competitiveness, innovation combined with achievement, consistent across MNE units (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1989). According to Schuler and Florkowski (1994), for control purpose, flexible HRM policies and practices at the local level must be balanced with the requirement of MNE to maintain its global set of IHRM policies. Deeper Analysis-HRM issues a) Training and Development As noted in PC case, there is no formal training to consultants after recruited. Failure to train employees can affect the values, beliefs, and assumptions shared by employees to the organisational culture (Bunch, 2007, p. 157). Au and Chong (1993) conclude that failing to incorporate organisational culture in training programmes might lead to total failure in building a successful organisation. Listed below are the ways to determine employees taining needs: In todays highly competitive global business environment, human resources play an important role in developing and sustaining organisation competitive advantage (Brewster, 2002). IHRM has enforced common methods of acquisition of knowledge through hiring and training, distribution of knowledge via training and development, and utilization of knowledge via performance management in an organisation. Training Assessment is used to determine if and what type of training is necessary to acquire skills, knowledge, and improvement in order to perform well for the organisation growth and success. (see Appendix C -General Systems Model of Training and Development). Cross cultural training is also critical for international assignments, for managers to be acculturated to other societies value, norms and behaviour. Training is also recognised as an important means for socialisation (Child, 1984; De Meyer, 1991; Derr and Oddou, 1993; Ondrack, 1985). Orientation is where new employee learns the organisational goals, corporate culture, job and to develop realistic expectations. Formal training on the other hand promotes shared values and facilitates network building between headquarters and subsidiaries. Only successful organisation (example: Accenture) will believe/continue to train, develop their employees in order to adapt to the constant change in the dynamic working environment as new technologies develop and emergence of global assignments. (see Appendix D Diagnostic steps in Development Programmes) According to Bramley, 2003, extensive training, learning and development are important. Learning organisations (example: Xerox, General Electric) have applied three stages of learning perspective. PC needs to ensure that outstanding talent remain at the forefront of its field in terms of professional expertise and product knowledge gained through training which facilitates learning so that employees can become more effective in carrying out their task. It is essential as people, technology, jobs, and organisations are always evolving. Technology is advancing at a staggering pace. Therefore, it is vital that employees be trained and developed to utilise the latest technology so as to attain the highest levels of productivity. b) International Managers As International business continues to grow intensely, PC must understand the need for highly qualified international managers, a crucial factor in implementing global strategies for business success (Gregersen, Morrison, Black, 1998). Overall International managers need to have effective cross cultural communication, non-judgemental capability, flexibility, empathy (Berrell et al.2002:92). Expatriates A successful expatriate manager must have sound knowledge of technical, functional, cultural, social, and political skills (Bartlett, 1986; Bartlett Ghoshal, 1994; Ghoshal Barlett,1997). The most common factors that determine the expatriates success or failure is illustrated in Appendix E. Expatriate managers that possess an acculturation characteristic will be able to adapt/adopt themselves to any region for international assignment. The key point for international transfer is to initiate, expand and control international operations to ensure various organisational units strive towards achieving organisation common goals which is linked to HQ control aspects. (Edstrà ¶m and Galbraith,1977). Appendix F described why transfer of international managers happen. According to Roessel (1988), the benefits of various functions of international transfers can enhance internationalisation of the MNE, which make it more sustainable in international market. Inpatriates The value of managers with unique local market knowledge can develop a dynamic capability for global assignments. In this manner, inpatriate manager is another option envisioned to build managerial talents which organisations can develop distinct competitive advantage in the market they entered. The inpatriation process is positively related to the global HRM for organisations development of organisational capabilities: quality, low-cost operations, speed learning, innovation and customer focus (Lawler, 1996; Urlich Lake, 1990). The criteria and characteristic of the right candidate for inpatriate managers are similar to the expatriate factors which illustrated in Appendix D. Although HQ prefers the expatriate managers contribution in multicultural management on the stabilisation control aspect for competitive advantage (Dadfer Gustavsson, 1992; Granstrand, Hakanson, Sjolander, 1993), inpatriate managers do play an important part in the bridging role between HQ and the emerging market that the organisation wish to penetrate (Harvey et al., 1999b,c,d). Inpatriate managers, as substitutes and complements of expatriates, can provide accurate advice on adaptation of technical dimensions of HR processes (recruitment criteria, compensation, appraisals, training and development of host country nationals). Inpatriate managers also act as a mentor to calibre managers from host country nations to insure a succession plan when new inpatriate managers are moved into the home country organisation. If PC would to consider inpatriate manager option, it has undertaken the step in developing a multicultural strategic leadership capability, developing a global learning organisation to compete effectively in a globalised world (Aguirre, 1997; Hofstede, 1980, 1984; McBride, 1992; McMillen, Baker, White, 1997; Nemetz Christensen, 1996; Reynolds, 1997). Statement to the Board of Paine Co (PC) Core Components of HR Strategy IHRM policies and practices are influenced by the organisations structure, strategy, its institutional and cultural environments (Ngo et al., 1998; Schuler and Rogovsky, 1998; Schuler et al., 2002; Sparrow et al., 2004). For management consulting multinationals, definition of HRM policies at international level should be followed by a more standardised local implementation (Boxall and Steeneveld (1999). At the same time, applying the right kind of policies and practices was a condition of ongoing viability, the success to implement HR policies and practices synergistically constitute the basis for competitive advantage. IT consultancy firm, like PC depends highly on qualified and specialised professionals to offer services based on their creativity and intellectual work. This profession requires versatility, adaptability and constant learning due to its ever evolving job nature (Starbuck, 1992; Ram, 1999; Ka ¨rreman, 2002). In this case, PC should look at the need for highly qualified multicultural workforce as a means to build managerial talents, develop organisations competitiveness in the market it enter. Furthermore, global competition has caused organisations to be more conscious of cost and productivity. Therefore, HRM strategies must reflect clearly the organisations strategy people, profit and overall effectiveness in managing an increasing diverse workforce to compete in an increasingly complex, competitive world. (see Appendix G -Important Factors /Requirement in HRM). According to Sparrow 1998, recognising organisations need for multiple and parallel flexibilities especially in a time of increasing international competition and technological change is vital (Atkinson, 1987; Tsui et al., 1995). The proposed core components of HR strategy that PC should apply is highlighted in Appendix H, taking into consideration the difference in nationality, culture and institutional factors, to enhance its organisation performance and build long-term competitive advantage. Notes to the Core Components Based on Best Practice HRM, staffing need to be highly selective, performance regularly and systematically assessed, teamwork orientated, autonomy and responsibility were encouraged (Huselid, 1995; MacDuffie, 1995; Delery and Doty, 1996). With the growth of PC business internationally, PC needs appropriate information to develop its HRM policies and practices through comparing cross-national dimension on an international perspective (Brewster et al., 1996; Clark et al., 1999; Kochan, Dyer, Batt, 1992), a business strategy to develop bigger market share one step ahead of its competitors. Cross-national HRM policies and practices are also influenced by both culture-bound variables such as national and organisational culture, institutions, industrial sector dynamics and culture-free variables such as age, size, nature, and life cycle stages of organisation (Brewster, 1995; Hofstede, 1993; Jackson Schuler, 1995; Sparrow, 1995). The degree and direction of influence of these factors varies from region to region (Jackson Schuler, 1995; Locke Thelen, 1995). Creating a global corporate culture requires a geocentric mindset, drawing upon cultural capabilities that exist across the global operations and incorporating diverse cultural values and practices. Understanding HRM roles/strategies requires a contextual approach, underlining the importance of taking the institutional context into account (Paauwe, 2004). The table below shows the factors determining cross culture HRM practices. A detailed list of the subcomponents factors/variables in determining cross-national HRM is listed in Appendix I. The strategic importance of a unique, specific and valuable human capital for knowledge-intensive firm like PC would suggest a preference for employment internalisation (Matusik and Hill, 1998; Lepak and Snell, 1999). PC must actively seek creative destruction of its existing competencies to retain competitive advantage in the marketplace (Schumpter, 1934,1942) via an adequate HRM policies and practices. The organisational competitiveness of PC will depends on its strength/capacity to shape a unique set of resources where competitors find it hard to copy, which mobilized with the help of developed organisational and managerial systems that provide the organisation with a series of distinctive capacities that allow to generate long-term sustainable income (Fernà ¡ndez Rodrà ­guez, 1995). The process of continuous learning and modification of resource bundles for efficiency and effectiveness of strategies contribute to development of the organisations dynamic capabilities (global management capabilities difficult to imitate) to gain/sustain competitive advantage. (Teece,1988; Teece, Pisano Shuen, 1997). According to Barney (1991), if resources meet the following elements, the firm earns a unique strategy profile which assist for international expansion. On the other hand, Behavioural Theory is based on the assumption that different strategies require different behaviours, attitudes and capabilities in workers (Schuler, 1987). According to this theory, HR practices do influence workers behaviour which results in improvements of organisational performance (Lawler,1986; Huselid, 1995; Becker, Huselid, Pickus Spratt, 1997; Guest, 1997;Appelbaum et al., 2000; Takeuchi, 2003). This implies PC must implement a set of personnel practices consistent with the organisations business strategy to build its international presence successfully (see below). When workers have positive perceptions, this will increase their work commitment with the organisation, degree of involvement and their level of working satisfaction, which results in better performance for PC and talented workers can be retained for future prospect. Developing a systematic approach of HR policies and practices consistent with business strategy can assist in the integration of business competitive advantage, where every possible source of competitive advantage need to be identified/utilised in facilitating the learning and knowledge transfer processes across units (Schuler et al. (1993:427). A high performance work system (HPWS) practices is perceived by employees as organisations commitment (Batt, 2002). [see Appendix J] Definitely with HPWS implemented in PC, it will be able to develop talented, motivated employees to meet organisations objective to achieve competitive advantage in the international arena (McDuffie (1995). By developing the necessary skills, knowledge and increasing motivation of employee contribution, PC can reflect the opportunities to realize economies of scale at the international level. With the rapid evolving technologies, this encourages PC to engage in innovation and continuous learning across its operation. According to Wright Snell (1991), a successful organisation should have motivated workers who are involved in the achievement of organisational objectives. Managers are responsible to create a more positive working environment where employees can flourish and increase their feelings of wellbeing at work (Tehrani et al., 2007). Line managers are also responsible to deliver the HR practices and to ensure that the perception of support, trust, fairness and consistency are maintained amongst employees. The biggest mistake unsuccessful global organisations make is to assume that there is one best way to structure HRM policies and practices. Trying to apply HRM principles that work well in one environment may not lead to the same level of degree of success in another. Challenges Globalisation competition has become so intensify, HRM professionals require to optimise the skills, talent, creativity of every employee more effectively. Failure to do so will probably mean the organisation cannot compete in the flat world. Every aspect of HRM strategic can be influenced by cultural differences in one or more dimensions. Therefore, PC needs to understand the cultural differences and ensuring HRM and cultural orientation of workers are coincide with one another without sacrificing efficiency. Conclusion To be successful in the international marketplace, PC must ensure HR policies are fit with strategic international plan of the organisation and with the work-related values of foreign culture due to cross-national interaction. Total word count=2,593

AIDS: Research and Funding :: essays research papers

AIDS is slowly becoming the number one killer across the globe. Throughout numerous small countries, AIDS has destroyed lives, taken away mothers, and has left hopeless children as orphans. The problem remains that funding for the diseases’ medical research is limited to none. In the country Brazil, HIV/AIDS has been compared to the bubonic plague, one of the oldest yet, most deadly diseases to spread rapidly across Europe (Fiedler 524). Due to this issue, Brazil’s government has promised that everyone who has been diagnosed with either HIV or AIDS will receive free treatment; however, this treatment does not include help in purchasing HIV medications, that â€Å"carry astronomical price tags† (Fiedler 525). Generic drug companies have been able to produce effective HIV medications that are not as costly if compared to the prices given by the huge pharmaceutical companies. In contrast, the U.S. government has now intervened with these generic companies hindering them from making HIV medications, which may not be as efficient if made by the pharmaceutical companies. Not only are these drug companies losing thousands of dollars against generic drug companies, but also tremendous profit that is demanded for marketing these expensive drugs as well. â€Å"How many people must die without treatment until the companies are willing to lower their prices, or to surrender their patients so generic makers can enter market? (Fiedler 525).† With this question in mind, what ways can we eliminate the HIV/AIDS epidemic across the world? With research, education, testing, and funding we can prevent the spread of HIV to others and hopefully find a cure. Everyday researchers have proposed new methods of how to control the HIV virus from turning into AIDS. A combination of effective HIV medicines help stop the formation of new copies of HIV as it reproduces in your body. This technique helps to keep your CD-4 cell count up and your viral load down. CD-4 cells are one type of immune cells that assist to fight off the virus, the higher your count the stronger your immune system (Nakashima 77). Whereas, your viral load is a measure of HIV in your blood and your treatment goal is to have the lowest viral load possible. People with higher viral loads tend to progress to AIDS and become sick sooner than those with lower viral loads (Nakashima 80). Successful HIV medications can prevent other infections common with AIDS and can help you live longer.

Amelia

AMELIA ROGERS AT TASSANI COMMUNICATION TASSANI COMMUNICATIONS Tassani communication was found by sally Tassani in 1980. it was Chicago based company and started to provide advertising , public relations , direct marketing , sales promotions and graphic desing. Tassani communication was different from other traditional advertising agency. according to sally tasani ; advertising wasn’t more valuable than public relations , sals promotions or direct marketing . according to her it was just a true position in 1990s . n 1984 ,tassani communication recognized the fastest growing company in the united states . sally tassani hired jim paglia who had worked in a large companies and he was very experienced person . after he started to work attassani communication, he introduced eight step process. Both Sally Tassani and Jim paglia believed that the most profitable competitors maintained a balanced portfolio of accounts which is based on clienst. According to one executive person; sally and paglia were very smart ,bright and good at what they were doing. im paglia was very good to understand what clients need and sally was good at motivation and cares about business . sally was more maternal and wants to reward employees jim is tougher . according to this employee jim and sally was completely different in style but they have the same vision. Economic cris effected companies move. Tassani communication was forced logoff because of clients budgets when economy started to recover.. tassani communication’s goal was 25$ million billing to 35$ million in te next year . fter this move sally tassani and jim paglia divided their position in the company. sally tassani became ceo and president ,paglia as the executive vice president and chief operator. In economic depression in 1991 they had to let go many loyal employees . she described this situation that tassani communication reacted a part at which they needed people with a sophistication about their business. she thought that company needed people to manage their †¦. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE CREATIVE PROCESSTassani communiation organized to be flat organization to support the integrated philosophy. Each department in the agency was operated as a separate profit center. How is the creative process: Creative process with clients would began ally Tassani or director brought account to the agency. Account director advises to creative director and creative director begin brain storming with the †¦. after all these process ideas goes to paglia and he choose the best one.

Looking Ahead At Technology And Changes With The Hotel Industry Coursework

Looking Ahead At Technology And Changes With The Hotel Industry Coursework Looking Ahead At Technology And Changes With The Hotel Industry – Coursework Example Technology and Changes in the Hotel Industry Affiliation: Technology and Changes in the Hotel Industry The hospitality business is guided by the needs of their customer and hence with the latest digitization of the human race, the industry must digitize. Guests are demanding better standards and latest technologies as days go by.Most guests want high-speed internet connections, and this makes them very choosy on the kind of hotel to go to. All hotels with no Wi-Fi connection are running out of business, and the situation could even get worse they fail to digitize (Seth & Bhat, 2008). The limitation of the number of device entries per room is being eliminated since most customers have over three devices. Architectural Excellency has always been a matter of concern to most visitors (Information Resources Management Association & Khosrow-Pour, 2002). The field has not been left behind and has also developed technologically. On normal occasions, a visitor will prefer to go to a hotel wit h better architecture and hence there is a need for the hospitality sector to keep up with the latest architecture.Latest technologies allow for automation of many services, and research has shown that most customers prefer automated services, and it would dictate which hotel to go to. Therefore, hospitality centers should focus on digitizing their services in order to keep  existing clients and fascinate  new clients (Information Resources Management Association & Khosrow-Pour, 2002). From my research, I learnt that the hospitality industry is focused on comfort. All technology advancements have a comfort element in them, and hence, it is mandatory that hospitality centers keep advancing. Having the latest technologies such as superfast Wi-Fi networks or the best architecture makes the hotel a better home than the visitor’s home, and this prompts them to coming back again (Seth & Bhat, 2008). In the course of my study and career I will create emphasis on technology since it’s an important factor in the industry. In conclusion, the hotel industry may end up making losses if it fails to keep adjusting to the latest technologies. On the other hand, the business will flourish more with alignment to technology.ReferencesInformation Resources Management Association., & Khosrow-Pour, M. (2002). Issues & trends of information technology management in contemporary organizations. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.Seth, P. N., & Bhat, S. S. (2008). Successful tourism management. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

The Renaissance Man Essay Example

The Renaissance Man Essay Example The Renaissance Man Essay The Renaissance Man Essay Tianna Woodson Mr. Kasik AP Language and Composition 25 September 2012 Many say that God is perfect, and if we are created in His image, aren’t we too, perfect? Since men have become literate there has been a debate about man’s true nature. Whether or not we are born pure, our true potential, and ideas about what a â€Å"good† man is have constantly been altered as men have evolved, learned, and even barbarized. Philosophers in the late 1400’s like Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola had their own ideas on what a real â€Å"Renaissance Man† was. Their radical ideas that men were born perfect, that we were created to rule the Earth like a god, and have the ability to become divine shook the foundation of the idea of the Renaissance man in the 1400’s. Pico della Mirandola was a philosopher in the 1400’s who believed that men had the power to choose their own destiny, no matter what their birth origins were or whether or not they were wealthy. The basis of his writing Oration of the Dignity of Man was that man can be whatever he wants; whether it is good and pure or bad and hellish. He tells us that our creator taught us, during our hour of creation, that we â€Å"shall have the power to degenerate into the lower forms of life which are savage. And you shall have the power, through reflection of your soul, to be reborn into the higher forms, which are divine†. Mirandola stressed that men were unbound in their abilities; that the power of free will was an absolute right to man. Using his idea that we are â€Å"constrained by no limits† he tried to encourage men to become divine by reaching out and grasping their potential. A Renaissance man, as defined by Pico della Mirandola, is a man that acknowledges his potential to be anything he wishes, and then uses that potential to achieve higher or lower statuses as he sees fit. Marsilio Ficino is much more specific when he describes a Renaissance man. He taught that not only do men have the power to become perfect, but that a true Renaissance man will strive to become divine like our creator. In his writing, The Soul of Man, he stresses the idea that â€Å"Man is the vicar of God† because man rules the Earth like God rules the heavens. Man’s natural nature, as defined by Ficino, is to control everything around him; from the animals, to the tools he uses, to the environment, and â€Å"He who governs the body in so many ways and so important ways is the vicar of the immortal God, he is no doubt immortal†. He also believes that we rule the Earth in the name of our Creator, that we do â€Å"everything for God’s sake†. In Ficino’s eyes, a true Renaissance man is a man who not only acknowledges his ability to become perfect but uses it to be so for their God. Ficino and Mirandola agreed on two attributes that a Renaissance man has. This trait is one they both agree that men ordain from God; that all men are born perfect. Mirandola believes that we are perfect simply because of our freedom. That we are â€Å"most fortunate creatures and therefore worthy of all admiration and given the highest rank in the universal chain of Being†. Mirandola believes that because of the freedom our Creator bestows upon us that we are all born free and worthy of praise. Ficino’s model of a Renaissance man is perfect because of what he does. Any man that controls his environment so efficiently like men do is perfect to Ficino. Man alone abounds such a perfection† simply because we control the aspects of our lives, which apparently animals and other â€Å"Beings† cannot. According to Mirandola and Ficino, a Renaissance man is perfect from the time he is created to the time he dies because of his freedom bestowed by God and because of his ability to control the things around him. The reason our Creator puts us here has always been a topic of discussion but even more of a debate has been how we can become what we were meant to be, how we can rise to our full potential. Both Mirandola and Ficino have opposing and agreeing views on the idea of a â€Å"perfect† man. Mirandola focuses on man’s potential, his ability be bad or good and using it to be so. Ficino says that the Renaissance man is perfect because he is the â€Å"vicar of God†; he uses what our Creator gave us to control that which is around him. They both think that a true Renaissance man is someone who is spiritually perfect, though for different reasons. The idea of a Renaissance man was influenced greatly by them in the 1400’s

Challenging Behavior. Causes and Approaches to Dealing with Essay

Challenging Behavior. Causes and Approaches to Dealing with Challenging Behavior - Essay Example There have been claims that challenging behavior is responsible for exposing the tough in an advanced group level which have the effects of resulting into maturity or segregation from the learning category (Similarly, Simmons & Ward 1998).There were also establishments that there are some behaviors that can never be classified easily by the educators such as distractions, chatting as well as the non verbal maltreatments. Nonetheless, there is a different suggestion from Oliver (2003) that, the categorization of behavior appears as challenging throughout diverse schools. According to this scholar, the challenging behavior is developed socially. There is need for evaluating the matter of challenging behavior amongst individuals since it has attracted different theories and approaches from scholars. Therefore, this piece will look at the dissimilar theories that expound on behavior. Specifically, the piece will attain its baseline points of arguments the works by Bandura, Skinner, Vygot sky, and Watson. The piece will evaluate the Cognitive Behaviorist theory and Social Learning Theory. It is also significant to show how each theory takes care of the needs of the child and this paper will respond to that concern. Reasoning from the behaviorist context, there is a realization that behavior could be learned or modified (Skinner 1904-90), the writer affirms this stipulation through the work entitled, ‘Operant Conditioning’. The scholar proceeded into highlighting that children operate on the environment through engagement in particular identifiable activities due to the results of such behaviors. Skinner outlines that any stimulus leading to the repeat of a particular behavior emphasizes that particular behavior. The response would vary from return, reward, attentiveness as well as social assistance. The situation instance to elaborate this suggestion would follow for instance, if a particular child, let us name him Tim confesses to another that he gets pleasure playing with the other named Carol of late. If Tim invites his playmate for dinner in addition, this would invoke the application of the Skinner’s suggestions. It can be proposed that support in the construction of th e scenario would be a smile in spite of the situation, a word of praise for an outstanding behavior. Skinner upheld that particular rewards for such behavior reoccurrence on a different instance or instances. Even though support contributes to the increment in frequency of the behavior, it does it in a dissimilar manner. This situation may arise in the instance when we prefaer promoting a behavior in the child contrary to demanding the behavior in that person. In case something is happening and the child request the parent to stop it in a polite manner and it is done, then the alternate behavior is reinforced. For instance, the child requests for changing of a video clip. If the parent execute the child’s desire then the parent is strengthening the aimed behavior, that of requesting in a polite way. It can be argued that both positive and unhelpful support, when used appropriately can enhance the frequency of the ideal behavior. Major values of conventional habituation were c ontoured by the work of Ivan Pavlov (1819 -1936) where an unbiased stimulus brings about a response if put together with a stimulus that already has that response. Rewarding a student for positive a behavior exhibited enhances that behavior. For instance, if a teacher

The Concept of Multicultural Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concept of Multicultural Education - Essay Example In fact, multicultural education represents a response to the dynamically changing demographic situation observed in the United States. According to the most recent projections, by 2020 approximately 46 percent of the whole public school student population will be children of color and more than 20 percent will be from poor families (Banks, 1997). Evidently, addressing the diverse learning needs of such population is a pressing task faced by the US educational system. However, the monocultural approach that has traditionally been the cornerstone of American education mostly focuses on the values, instructions and content of middle class Eurocentric student population. Such focus substantially complicates the process of learning the academic knowledge for students of different cultural and social background: the incompatibility between the culture of ethnic and social minority students and the educational approach based on the values of majority seriously affects achievement and contributes to academic failure of students (Nielson, 1991). Therefore, an increasingly multicultural student population in the US stresses the need to address the systemic, curricular, and pedagogical barriers that negatively affect academic performance and achievement of minority students. Furthermore, the concept of multicultural education also recognizes that "an increasingly multicultural nation and a shrinking and contentious planet at the edge of the twenty-first cen tury demands a people who are critical thinkers and able to deal with the complexities of multicultural differences" (Hanley, 2002). Many believe that multicultural educational... This paper approves that many believe that multicultural educational policies help students develop new human capabilities and new identities in order to properly respond to the increasing need to recognize cultural diversity. Multicultural education promotes the ideals of cultural and educational equity, social justice thus enabling students to reach their fully potential in learning the curriculum. The idea of multicultural education looks extremely attractive as an effective tool to reinforce the democratic multicultural society and at the same time respect the inclination of different ethnic groups to preserve their cultural traditions. This essay makes a conclusion that multiculturalism definitely has the potential to become a serious tool in reducing discrimination and inequalities in the realm of education. Multicultural education practices often fail to address the difficult task of unifying the society without neglecting the cultural and ethnic traditions of minorities. Moreover, the constantly changing society creates new challenges that can hardly be addressed within the existing framework of multicultural education. However, failure to achieve certain goals does not mean that the concept of multicultural education is futile per se. On the contrary, it should create additional motivation for scholars and teachers to look for innovations and new opportunities to meet the challenges of these days and correct the previous mistakes. Multicultural education must be changed seriously to effectively respond to the needs of this epoch.